Suchergebnisse

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre a matriz agroecológica e analisar as bases teóricas metodológicas desenvolvidas nos Centros/Escolas de Agroecologia do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) na construção dos cursos técnicos em agroecologia no Paraná (PR). Para proceder ao estudo, utilizou-se de referências bibliográficas e análise documental, tendo como objeto concreto os seguintes documentos: Projeto Metodológico (PROMET), Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP), ementas de ensino e regimento interno do Centro/Escola José Gomes da Silva (EJGS) durante o curso de técnico em agroecologia integrado ao ensino médio Turma Revolucionários da Terra (2010-2013).

Este artigo pretende abordar o papel educativo da cooperação e do cooperativismo do Movimentos Sem Terra na luta pela construção do trabalho emancipado e contra o Estado capitalista. A primeira parte do artigo faz um breve retrospecto histórico da economia política do campo no Estado de São Paulo. A segunda parte recupera a história do cooperativismo no movimento e mostra os limites e as contradições da cooperação e do cooperativismo nos assentamentos do MST diante da nova ofensiva do agronegócio no Estado.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a luta das comunidades remanescentes de quilombos pelo direito adquirido com a aprovação do Artigo 68 dos Atos das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias (ADCT). Cem anos após a abolição da escravatura, o Artigo 68, pela primeira vez, reconhece às comunidades remanescentes de quilombolas o direito definitivo de propriedade das terras que ocupam. Contudo, apesar do direito adquirido e da luta das comunidades para regularização e titulação de suas terras, observa-se que menos de 10 % das comunidades tem suas terras tituladas integralmente. Nesse sentido, através da analise bibliográfica e documental buscou-se analisar o processo histórico que se desencadeia a partir do final da década de 1970, e segue até os dias atuais, particularmente a formação do Movimento Negro Unificado (MNU), sua participação na luta pela redemocratização do país, sua atuação na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC), a aprovação do Artigo 68 como ADCT e a luta das comunidades remanescentes de quilombos para fazer valer o direito adquirido.

Submetido em: 29/02/2020Aceito em: 15/01/2021

<span>O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a formação do técnico em agroecologia desenvolvida nos Centros/Escolas do MST no Estado do Paraná. Teve-se como objeto concreto de análise as práticas pedagógicas e metodológicas do 2o curso técnico em agroecologia integrado ao ensino médio realizado no Centro/Escola "José Gomes da Silva" (EJGS) do MST do Paraná (PR), Turma <em>Revolucionários da Terra</em> (2010-2013). Tomou-se como procedimentos metodológicos a pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental com destaque imprescindível a</span><span>o Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP), ao Projeto Metodológico (PROMET) e as ementas disciplinares, bem como, o regimento interno da EJGS. Constatou-se que<span> o Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) aplicado junto a Turma <em>Revolucionários da Terra</em> na EJGS segue os princípios da <em>Pedagogia do Movimento Sem Terra</em>, da pedagogia freireana, da pedagogia socialista, da agroecologia e do Materialismo histórico dialético, dentro das especificidades de uma escola de agroecologia.</span></span>

Nowadays, road accidents are a major public health problem, which increase is forecasted if road safety is not treated properly, dying about 1.2 million people every year around the globe. In 2012, Portugal recorded 573 fatalities in road accidents, on site, revealing the largest decreasing of the European Union for 2011, along with Denmark. Beyond the impact caused by fatalities, it was calculated that the economic and social costs of road accidents weighted about 1.17% of the Portuguese gross domestic product in 2010. Visual Analytics allows the combination of data analysis techniques with interactive visualizations, which facilitates the process of knowledge discovery in sets of large and complex data, while the Geovisual Analytics facilitates the exploration of space-time data through maps with different variables and parameters that are under analysis. In Portugal, the identification of road accident accumulation zones, in this work named black spots, has been restricted to annual fixed windows. In this work, it is presented a dynamic approach based on Visual Analytics techniques that is able to identify the displacement of black spots on sliding windows of 12 months. Moreover, with the use of different parameterizations in the formula usually used to detect black spots, it is possible to identify zones that are almost becoming black spots. Through the proposed visualizations, the study and identification of countermeasures to this social and economic problem can gain new grounds and thus the decision- making process is supported and ...

Our society lives in a time of transition where traditional petroleum-based polymers/plastics are being replaced by more sustainable alternative materials. To consider these bioproducts as more viable options than the actual ones, it is demanded to ensure that they are fully biodegradable or compostable and that there is no release of hazardous compounds to the environment with their degradation. It is then essential to adapt the legislation to support novel specific guidelines to test the biodegradability of each biopolymer in varied environments, and consequently, establish consistent data to design a coherent labeling system. This review work aims to point out the current standards that can serve as a basis for the characterization of biopolymers' biodegradation profile in different environments (soil, compost, and aquatic systems) and identify other laboratory methodologies that have been adopted for the same purpose. With the information gathered in this work, it was possible to identify remaining gaps in existing national and international standards to help establish new validation criteria to be introduced in future research and policies related to bioplastics to boost the sustainable progress of this rising industry.

[EN] The monolacunary Keggin-type [PWO] (PW) heteropolyanion was immobilized on porous framework of mesoporous silicas, namely SBA-15 and an ethylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMOE). The supports were functionalized with a cationic group (N-trimethoxysilypropyl-N, N, N-trimethylammonium, TMA) for the successful anchoring of the anionic polyoxometalate. The PW@TMA-SBA-15 and PW@TMA-PMOE composites were evaluated as heterogeneous catalysts in the oxidative desulfurization of a model diesel. The PW@TMA-SBA-15 catalyst showed a remarkable desulfurization performance by reaching ultra-low sulfur levels (<10 ppm) after only 60 min using either a biphasic extractive and catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ECODS) system (1:1 MeCN/diesel) or a solvent-free catalytic oxidative desulfurization (CODS) system. Furthermore, the mesoporous silica composite was able to be recycled for six consecutive cycles without any apparent loss of activity. The promising results have led to the application of the catalyst in the desulfurization of an untreated real diesel supplied by CEPSA (1,335 ppm S) using the biphasic system. The system has proved to be a highly efficient process by reaching desulfurization values higher than 90% for real diesel during three consecutive cycles. ; This work was partly funded through the projects REQUIMTE-LAQV [FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) Ref. LAQV, REQUIMTE (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007265, UID/QUI/50006/2019)], and CENIMAT/I3N (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007688, UID/CTM/50025/2013), financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC and when appropriate co-financed by the Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. This work was funded by national funds (OE), through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5, and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19. The FCT and the European Union are acknowledged for the post-graduation grant SFRH/BD/95571/2013 (to SR) co-funded by Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES), and the European Social Fund through the program POPH of QREN. The authors also acknowledge the Portuguese Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Network (PTNMR—ROTEIRO/0031/2013, PINFRA/22161/2016) and the research group of Prof. Isabel Gonçalves from CICECO Laboratory, University of Aveiro, Portugal.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the physiological variables of three sheep genotypes: Morada Nova, Somalis, and Dorper x Somalis crossbreed regarding the environment and diet in the Brazilian semi-arid region by using 30 animals (10 from each genetic group). Five of these animals had 30% of the tifton hay replaced by hairy woodrose hay. The temperature and relative air humidity were registered, the black globe temperature and humidity index (BGHI) was calculated, and the rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), and surface temperature (ST) were measured in the morning and afternoon. The experimental design was a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme, which consisted of three genotypes, two diets, and two periods, and five replications each. BGHI presented values of 81 in the shade and 90 in the sun and a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed for the studied variables in relation to the periods, with higher values in the afternoon. The average ST was 35.48 °C in the morning and 38.11 °C in the afternoon. Morada Nova presented the lowest RT and RR (P < 0.05) among the genetic groups, with a higher tolerance to heat. The 30% substitution of tifton hay by hairy woodrose hay did not negatively affect the thermoregulatory capacity of sheep. The studied genetic groups were adapted and tolerant to climate conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region.